A similar meta-analysis of 13 RCTs investigated whether use by pregnant adolescents and young adults aged 10-19 years of an MVM (containing multiple nutrients) led to better birth outcomes than supplementation with only iron and folic acid [34]. It concluded that vitamin and mineral supplements had "little or no benefit" in preventing cancer, CVD, and death, except that MVMs may provide a "small benefit" against cancer. Participants in these studies used a wide variety of MVMs containing different combinations and amounts of nutrients. Nutri-Vet Multi-Vite Paw-Gel Cat Vitamins - Best Overall. In addition, the supplement reduced the risk of cataracts by 9% but did not help prevent AMD [41]. However, the study showed that beta-carotene was not a required ingredient; the original AREDS formulation without beta-carotene provided the same protective effect on reducing the risk of advanced AMD as the AREDS2 formulation. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2010. Do not take more . U.S. sales of all dietary supplements totaled an estimated $55.7 billion in 2020, including $21.2 billion for all supplements containing vitamins, minerals, or both, of which $8.0 billion was for MVMs and MVs [4]. Drug Class: Vitamins, Combos. A lack of these vitamins and minerals typically impairs blood health and the conversion of macronutrients into usable energy (i.e., ATP). For example, a 2018 meta-analysis of 16 prospective cohort studies (including the study described above and the 2 below) and 2 RCTs evaluated the association between use of MVMs (defined as containing more than three vitamins and minerals) and risk of various CVD outcomes, including coronary heart disease and stroke [25]. Multivitamins with iron are used to provide vitamins and iron that are not taken in through the diet. Studies of MVMs that have focused on cancer have been observational. This raises questions regarding the safety of . One of the largest prospective studies of MVM use was the Women's Health Initiative, which evaluated the health of 161,808 postmenopausal women aged 5079 years and their risk factors for cancer, heart disease, and osteoporosis. Multivitamin/mineral supplements (MVM) are widely used in many populations. One RCT conducted in Linxian, China, randomized 3,318 persons ages 4069 years who had precancerous lesions in the esophagus (a relatively common condition in this population, which had a low dietary intake of several nutrients) to receive a daily MVM containing 14 vitamins and 12 minerals in doses 2 to 3 times recommended amounts or a placebo for 6 years [44]. A total of 38 articles were included in this review, which includes the radioprotective effect of vitamins from ex vivo, in vitro and in vivo studies. Multivitamin-multimineral supplements: who uses them? However, evidence to support their use for overall health or disease prevention in the general population remains limited. [, Hercberg S, Galan P, Preziosi P, Bertrais S, Mennen L, Malvy D, et al. Have a question? Vitamins and minerals can cause toxicity if consumed in large amounts. Lim J, Weinstein SJ, Liao LM, Sinha R, Huang J, Albanes D. Multivitamin use and overall and site-specific cancer risks in the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study. Multivitamin and iron may also be used for . Manufacturers sometimes offer these MVMs in packs of two or more pills for users to take daily. But taking an MVM can also raise the chances of getting too much of some nutrients, like iron, vitamin A, zinc, niacin, and folate/folic acid, especially when a person takes more than a basic, once-daily product that provides 100 percent of the daily value (DV) ofnutrients. [, Sesso HD, Rist PM, Aragaki AK, Rautiainen S, Johnson LG, Friedenberg G, et al. Read the Supplement Facts label to identify MVMs in your supplement product. Some experts have hypothesized that MVM use might reduce cancer risk or improve cancer outcomes, possibly because certain nutrients in MVMs might inhibit carcinogenesis or tumor progression. Previous. This study randomly assigned 8,776 men aged 60 years and older and 12,666 women aged 65 years and older to take a daily MVM (Centrum Silver, with small differences in ingredients and amounts than the supplement used in the Physicians Health Study II), a cocoa extract containing 500 mg of cocoa flavanols, both Centrum Silver and the cocoa extract, or both placebos for a median of 3.6 years. The effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on the incidence of lung cancer and other cancers among male smokers. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2020-2025 (DGA) notes that the critical period for folic acid supplementation to prevent neural tube defects starts at least 1 month before conception and continues through the first 2 to 3 months of pregnancy [54]. Multivitamins, vision are available under the following . Adults in this age group might not be able to absorb enough of the protein-bound, naturally occurring vitamin B12 in food because gastric acidity tends to decline and atrophic gastritis tends to become more common with age [6]. Many foods also have fiber and other substances that can provide health benefits. MVM supplementation, with or without the cocoa extract, improved global cognition, a benefit most pronounced in participants with a history of CVD. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2013;141:495-505. However, some people who dont get enough vitamins and minerals from food alone, or who have certain medical conditions, might benefit from taking one or more of these nutrients found in single-nutrient supplements or in MVMs. Depending on ingredients in the formulaiton may support metabolic functions as well as protein and DNA synthesis. Approximately 48% of the men and 52% of the women in this study reported taking an MV or MVM. Helps strengthen bones and make joints flexible. Some evidence from RCTs has focused on the use of MVMs to reduce the risk of various chronic diseases. Multivitamin use and the risk of cardiovascular disease in men. Many types of MVMs, the focus of this fact sheet, are available in the marketplace. N Engl J Med 1996;334:1150-5. Take this medication by mouth, usually once daily or as directed. Smokers and, possibly, former smokers should avoid MVM products providing large amounts of beta-carotene or vitamin A because two studies have linked these nutrients to an increased risk of lung cancer in smokers [63]. The difference between vitamins and minerals. It is not intended to substitute for the medical expertise and advice of your health care provider(s). Nutrients 2017; 9: 655. One way to group them is as follows (Table 1): An additional complication for this product category is that many dietary supplements are not labeled as MVMs even though they contain a variety of vitamins and minerals [1]. Mechanism of action Discussing possible mechanisms of action behind these findings, the authors note a previous study reporting that appropriate consumption of folic acid, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 was strongly correlated with superior cognitive reserve, which may be attributable to reduced hypermethylation of redox-related genes and reduced . [, Grodstein F, O'Brien J, Kang JH, Dushkes R, Cook NR, Okereke O, et al. One team of researchers categorized MVMs more ambiguously as "stress-tab-type," "therapeutic type," and "one-a-day type," so these products probably included MVs as well [8]. Cancer Updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. For example, a manufacturer might label a product containing vitamins C and E, selenium, zinc, and beta-carotene as an antioxidant formula rather than an MVM. RCTs . However, no two RCTs have used MVMs with the same combinations and amounts of nutrients. Check Price on Amazon. MVMs cannot take the place of eating a variety of foods that are important to a healthy diet. Vomiting. They have examined associations between MVM use and overall cancer risk or risk of various types of cancer (including breast, prostate, and colon cancer) as well as associations with cancer-related death. Both observational studies and clinical trials have examined this possibility. [, Wassertheil-Smoller S, McGinn AP, Budrys N, Chlebowski R, Ho GY, Johnson KC, et al. [. A multivitamin is a preparation intended to serve as a dietary supplement with vitamins, dietary minerals, and other nutritional elements.Such preparations are available in the form of tablets, capsules, pastilles, powders, liquids, or injectable formulations.Other than injectable formulations, which are only available and administered under medical supervision, multivitamins are recognized by . The greatest improvements in intake were for vitamins A and E and zinc. In addition, a study examined the association between daily MV or MVM use and colon cancer mortality over 16 years in 776,902 men and women, most of whom were White and middle-aged or older [23]. Gestational folate and folic acid intake among women in Canada at higher risk of pre-eclampsia. Am J Epidemiol 2011;173:906-14. Multivitamin(tress-600 and Thera-Tabs) generic is an essential nutrient, prescribed for patients with vitamin deficiency. Basic MVMs contain both vitamins and minerals, most in amounts that do not exceed the DVs. Marra MV, Bailey RL. They belong to the micro nutrients and are required for normal metabolism in layer poultry. Arch Intern Med 2004;164:2335-42. Even in the United States, the amount of folic acid in prenatal MVM supplements is typically 800 or 1,000 mcg, which is much higher than the recommended amount (400 mcg) to reduce the risk of neural tube defects in babies [19]. Oral high-dose multivitamins and minerals after myocardial infarction. For example, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, in an evidence-based review of the role of MVMs in chronic disease prevention, defined MVMs as products containing at least three vitamins and minerals in amounts below the UL but no herbs, hormones, or drugs [7]. Small Business Research Grant Program (SBIR), About Research Training and Career Development, Training Grant Application, Review, and Award Process, Integrative Medicine Research Lecture Series, Division of Extramural Research Sponsored by NCCIH, Division of Intramural Research Conducted at NCCIH, Dietary Guidelines for Americans 20152020, How To Find Information About Complementary Health Approaches on PubMed, Most individuals can get all of the necessary vitamins and minerals through a healthy eating pattern of nutrient-dense foods. J Nutr 2021;151:1976-82. MVM use did not alter the risk of any of these outcomes. The Clearinghouse does not provide medical advice, treatment recommendations, or referrals to practitioners. Vitamin C is responsible for synthesizing collagen and is necessary for proper wound healing.6 Vitamin C is also secreted in breast milk thus, a higher dietary intake is recommended for lactating women to make up for this loss. Ask ODS Vit. If you have questions about affording vitamin supplements, contact CF Foundation Compass by calling 844-COMPASS, Monday through Friday, 9 a.m. until 7 p.m. Mechanism. Some published reports of studies of dietary supplements use the generic term "multivitamins" to include products with and without minerals. Nutrients 2018;10(8). The use of MVMs resulted in lower odds of low birth weight (less than 2,500 g) by 12%, birth at a smaller size than normal for gestational age by 8%, and premature births (before week 37 of pregnancy) by 10% than use of supplements containing iron with or without folic acid alone or placebo. Participants who took the MVM did not have fewer major cardiovascular events, myocardial infarctions, strokes, or cardiovascular-related deaths than nonusers [38]. The mineral fluoride not only helps bone formation but also keeps dental cavities from starting or worsening. Ann Intern Med 2013;159:806-14. [, Mulholland CA, Benford DJ. Participants completed standardized cognitive tests administered over the telephone at baseline and annually for 3 years. This section summarizes the evidence on the use of MVMs to increase nutrient intakes and to improve health or prevent chronic disease. ET, or . Vitamins and minerals serve crucial functions in almost all bodily processes and must be obtained from foods or supplements, as our bodies are unable to make them. For a reader-friendly overview of Multivitamin/mineral Supplements, see our consumer fact sheet on Multivitamin/mineral Supplements. Dietary supplements to enhance exercise and athletic performance come in a variety of forms, including tablets, capsules, liquids, powders, and bars. Vitamin K. Accessed January 12, 2011. : CD004905. Folic acid supplementation for the prevention of neural tube defects. Abdominal pain. 1. Revitalize Multi-vitamin and Mineral Complex: Iron (1.5 mg / cap) + Ascorbic acid . No U.S. government health agency, private health group, or health professional organization promotes regular use of MVMs. Another large prospective study investigated the association between use of MVs and MVMs (mostly MVMs described as "therapeutic or theragran," "one-a-day," or "stress-tab") and risk of cancer by following 489,640 men and women aged 5071 years for 16 years [8]. Studies that have examined associations of MVMs with CVD risk include the Physicians Health Study I. Know the Science: 9 Questions To Help You Make Sense of Health Research. The supplements did not prevent AMD onset or affect cataract risk. Shelf Life/Expiry: 1.5 Years or 18 months from the date of manufacturing. Some studies have suggested potential health benefits or harms from the use of MVMs, but others have found none. However, MVM use is common in the general population. The mention of any product, service, or therapy is not an endorsement by NCCIH. Several epidemiological studies and small RCTs have suggested associations between higher intakes of antioxidants or zinc and reduced risk of AMD, although not consistently [30]. Website: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/. [, Chan ALF, Leung HWC, Wang S-F. Multivitamin supplement use and risk of breast cancer: A meta-analysis. Because breastmilk provides little vitamin D, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that exclusively and partially breastfed infants receive supplements of 400 IU (10 mcg)/day of vitamin D beginning in the first few days after birth and continued until the infant is weaned and drinks at least 1 liter or 1 quart of vitamin D-fortified formula or whole milk daily [58]. An analysis of dietary supplement use in the United States from the 20172018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) found that MVMs (defined as products containing three or more vitamins and at least one mineral) were the most commonly consumed supplement. [, Neuhouser ML, Wassertheil-Smoller S, Thomson C, Aragaki A, Anderson GL, Manson JE, et al. Vitamins are important building blocks of . Vitamins are organic and can be broken down by heat, air, or acid. Macrocytic Megaloblastic Anemia. Adults in their 50s and older Iron supplements may be recommended for women of childbearing age, pregnant women, preterm infants, older infants, and teenage girls because they are at greater risk of developing deficiency. Simply stated, dietary supplements arent required to be standardized in the United States. This document does not contain all possible side effects and others may occur. Stay Informed, Stay Healthy! Obtaining sufficient amounts of folic acid in the periconceptual period reduces the risk of neural tube defects in newborns. Nutrition Business Journal. Mechanism of action. Among the 69.8% who took a dietary supplement (most likely a prenatal MVM supplement), the risk of inadequate intakes of many nutrients was lower. Nutri-Vet has provided us with their Multi-Vite Paw-Gel for cats that is the best overall supplement available. Enzymes for detoxification of various mycotoxins: origins and mechanisms of catalytic action. Minerals (especially taken in large doses) can cause side effects such as tooth staining, increased urination, stomach bleeding, uneven heart rate, confusion, and muscle weakness or limp feeling. Phytochemicals present in honey can mitigate the primary mechanisms of oxidative stress and are deliberated as nutraceutical food responsible for mitigating risk factors for cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Adding omega-3 fatty acids, lutein and zeaxanthin, or both to the AREDS formulation did not further reduce the risk of progression to advanced AMD. Data from the later AREDS2 study showed that a supplement formulation containing the carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin instead of beta-carotene was safer and more effective in slowing the progression of AMD. Saturated fat : A type of fat found in abundance in butter, whole milk, ice cream, full-fat cheese, fatty meats, poultry skin, and palm and coconut . MVMs and MVs accounted for 14% of all purchases of supplements and 38% of all sales of vitamin and mineral supplements in the United States in 2019 [4]. Disclaimer: This content has been produced purely for informational and educational purposes only and is never intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical guidelines including diagnosis, advice, and treatment. Use rates by sex and age are 19.5% for men and 26.1% for women ages 1930 years, 25.1% for men and 33.0% for women ages 3150 years, 34.5% for men and 36.2% for women ages 5170 years, and 40.9% for men and 44.0% for women ages 71 years and older. Supplemental vitamins and minerals for cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment. Vitamin, mineral, and multivitamin supplementation to prevent cardiovascular disease and cancer. Except in cases of iron deficiency or inadequacy, or unless a physician recommends otherwise, adult males and postmenopausal women should avoid using iron supplements or MVMs containing more than their recommended daily allowance for iron (8 mg/day). Cancer Causes and Control 2001;12:927-34. The products provided an average of 14 nutrients, although the products with 3 nutrients in 5 trials did not contain a mineral. Vitamin B5. A number of minerals are essential for health: calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, chloride, magnesium, iron, zinc, iodine, sulfur, cobalt, copper, fluoride, manganese, and selenium. The mechanism of action of vitamin K is discussed in terms of a new carbanion model that mimics the proton abstraction from the gamma position of protein-bound glutamate. J Acad Nutr Diet 2018;118:2162-73. . [, Paranjpe MD, Chin AC, Paranjpe I, Reid NJ, Duy PQ, Wang JK, et al. Nevertheless, some users consider use of an MVM as a form of dietary or nutritional insurance, a concept first introduced by Miles Laboratories to market its One-A-Day line of nutrient supplements in the 1940s [13]. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2019, Issue 3. Explore the pages linked above to learn about: What vitamin D, iron, and zinc do. Nutrition intervention trials in Linxian, China: Multiple vitamin/mineral supplementation, cancer incidence, and disease-specific mortality among adults with esophageal dysplasia.
